EARLY ALIYOT

        The first aliyah lasted from 1882-1903. Nearly 35,000 Jews came to Palestine. Many Jews came in the beginning from Russia because of many pogroms(which are organized massacres). the Jews left for political and spiritual reasons.
           
        Most of the immigrants chose to farm (they were not individual farmers they formed groups). The immigrants faced many difficulties. Some of the difficulties that they faced were bad climate(they had desert like climates), they  had high taxes from the Turkey government,they suffered from disease and lack of medicine, and the Arabs were against the Jews staying . By the end of the first aliyah 15,00 people stayed but the rest  left.

       If I were alive back then and  I had a choice to go to Israel I would go and I would stay because I would want to help build the State and improve it.While I am there I would want to figure out how to help with the taxes and the health of the people who stayed. I would also like to convince the people who want to leave to stay by showing them that if we all work together things will get better.  

       

Israel Will Help Italy After Earthquake

Israel is a very supportive country. There was a major earthquake in Italy on Saturday, and today, the Israeli government said that they would send aid to the country to help. 

The Israeli Prime Minister, Bibi Netanyahu, said to Italy's Prime Minister that they are "always prepared to send aid to the best of its ability" when a disaster strikes. Netanyahu said that Israel remains in a high level of readiness for these kinds of disasters. He said he is ready to help Israel's friends, the Italians, whenever they need.

Italy's president, Sergio Mattarella, is currently visiting Israel on a 4-day stay. Netanyahu said he appreciates Italy's ongoing support of issues that are important to Israel. The leaders of both countries expressed the desire to continue their good relationship.

THEODOR HERZL

THEODORE was a zionist political movement. he was born in budapest in 1860 and his education was with the german jews. his grandfather has been a friend of  RABBI YEHUDAH  ALKALAI a pro zionist of an earlier era.


he thought of the jewish problem as a social issue and he wrote a play called THE GHETTO in 1894. and then later on that year CAPTAIN ALFRED DREYFUS, a jewish officer in the french army was falsely accused and convicted of treason, and that caused a lot of death to the jews in france :(   because of that HERZL became convinced that the jews needed a country of their own.


HERZL witnessed the dreyfus affair as a newspaper correspondent. according to the conventional accounts his zionism resulted from contemplating the persecution  of dreyfus. according to some others he may have been  more influencing by the election of the anti-semitic Karl Luger as mayor of Vienna.    

Theodore Herzl

Theodore Herzl was called the ''Father'' of zionism
 because he had a goal and that goal was to get the
 jewish people a state. Herzl was born around a time
 where the jews of Europe were moving towards
 citizenship. Theodore Herzl spent most of his life in
 Austria,Hungary. There the emancipation of the jews 
had just begun. As Herzl grew most restrictions
 over the jews were lifted in places such as
 England, Germany, and Italy.



Their are many different kinds of jews some of
them are Reform, Orthodox, Conservative, and
 Reconstructionist. In the time period of  Moses
 Mendelssohn their were only one type of jews
 the Orthodox jews. After he died a new type of
 jewish people began these were the Reform jews.
The Reform jews put an optimistic spin on the jewish
 ways.Theodore Herzl did not care about what
 kind of jew they were he only saw them as a nation.



What I like about Herzl is that he
set himself on one goal, which was
getting the jewish people a state and
he acheived it even though Theodore
Herzl might have not lived to see the
beautiful state of Israel we all know
that he had a big part of getting us this
state. Theodore Herzl would be proud
 of the state of Israel.


Theodore Herzl had a big impact on the
 creationof the state of Israel because he
 was one of the earliest zionists and who
 knows how long it would take the jewish
 people to create their own jewish state
 without Herzls help and guidance.

The Dreyfus Affair and how it affects Israel

Alfred Dreyfus was born on October 9, 1859 and died on July 12,1935. Dreyfus was the son of a wealthy Jewish textile manufacturer. In 1882 he decided to have a military career. By 1889 he had risen to the rank of captain.

Then during the year 1894, the French Army's counter intelligence section, became aware about information that was about new artillery parts was being given to the Germans by a highly placed spy. The spy was most likely on the general. In 1895 Dreyfus was convicted in a secret court martial and publicly striped of his army rank. Later  day he was sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island.

Later on during the August of 1896 Lieutenant Colonel Georges Picquart found evidence to support that Alfred Dreyfus was innocent. The evidence showed that Major Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy was that the one who engaged in espionage. This is proved because his handwriting was found on the letter that incriminated Dreyfus. To bring Dreyfus back from Devil's Island was a problem because Esterhazy kept creating new evidence. Then during 1904 a re-trial was granted and in 1906 a civilian court reversed all previous convictions.

This is connected to Israel and how it was given to the Jews. This is because reporter Theodor Herzl was at the Dreyfus affair. When he saw the French insulting the Jews he began thinking that Israel needed its own country/state because there was nowhere for the Jews to go to and no matter where we are we are untrusted. This is how the Dreyfus affair affects the birth of Israel.

        

        

The French Revolution, Alfred Dreyfus, and How it Affects Israel

The French Revolution was a time of change and righteousness for the people of Europe and the Jews. During the French Revolution, the French stormed in and shouted out words of justice and equality and forced others to realize that everyone is equal, even the Jews. This made me feel rejoiced and happy for the Jews. The finally had freedom where they lived. No more unkindness or mean actions to the Jews. They finally lost their fears, which made me so happy. However, this all changed during the year 1894, when a French Jewish military officer was faulted for nothing.

His name was Alfred Dreyfus.

He had a trial for supposedly doing a bad thing, although he didn't. Everyone knew that this was a lie.......it was because Alfred Dreyfus was a Jewish person. A news reporter at that time was Theodore Herzl, who was important to the trial and after-events of Alfred Dreyfus's trial. Although Alfred Dreyfus was saved, it was a very important and remembered drama in the French society. This makes me furious that one of our kind, the Jewish people, had to be faulted for something that he would never even think of doing. I think this situation makes everybody mad and furious and angry. There also can be some curiosity in this...why did they do this right after the French Revolution, when the French shouted for equality and freedom for everyone? Still, this situation makes me sad and angry and curious at the same time.

This greatly affects Israel because the Jews were never trusted anywhere. They were always faulted, and it results in making me sad and confused, and furious. Jews needed a home so they wouldn't be mistreated by other people. The Jews needed a place where they can be the leaders and make the right rules for one another. Most likely what happened to Alfred Dreyfus wouldn't happen to others in Israel. This is how the French Revolution and the situation with Alfred Dreyfus affects Israel and why we needed a home.

Theodore Herzl

       Theodore Herzl was born 75 years after the death of Moses Mendelssohn [May 2 1860].
[emancipation] Jews had moved toward citizenship. in the years following Mendelssohn's death many western European governments began to abolish laws limiting to freedom of Jews. to merit emancipation it seemed that the Jewish communities of Europe where expected to give up their claim to ties with worldwide Jewry like any of their citizens. the Jewish state, trans Arthur Hertzberg.










[Anti-Semitism] Jews consequently believed Assimilate Jews to be the most dangerous. in 1879 a German journalist first used the term "anti-Semitism'' in a pamphlet accusing the "Semitic race'' of attempting to destroy " Germandom . Jews scattered around the globe led to suspicions that they had sinister plans to dominate the world. in 1880 a former professor at the University of Berlin published the  Jewish Question as a Question of race, morality, and culture. it became respectable to move in great numbers to other countries, and the westerns worried that the arrival of these strange eastern Jews would  only worsen the " Jewish problem" in their own  countries.



  [First stirring of a Jewish state] when Herzl wrote the Jewish state in June 1895 there had been no such state over 1800 years only Jewish communities scattered across the globe. the Jewish state he proclaimed that '' we are a people: one people''. In his opinion , since anti- Semitism not only caused Jewish suffering society,the governments of Europe would agree to establish a Jewish state. only by helping the Jews set up their own nation could governnents restore peace whitin their own borders. Boron Edmond de Rothschild supporter of Hovevei zion settlements in Eretz yisrael, rejected Herzls plan,feeling that it threatened Jews in the Diaspora, whose patriotism would now be questioned orthodox rabbis opposed Herzls plan because it seemed contrary to the tradition that only the messiah would restore the exiles to Eretz Yisrael. reform rabbis opposed It because it contracted their belief that Jews had a mission to perform in the Diaspora to teach Jewish ethics. Herzl was rapidly transporting Zionism from an idea into a democratic mass movement.



  [Convoking a Jewish national assembly] in August 1897 a year assembly and half after the Jewish state was published. Herzl chaired the first Zionist congress, the Zionism to establish a publicy reconized, legally secured homeland for the Jewish people in Eretz Yisrael. the inspiration for colors came from  the tallit, Jewish prayer shawl.'' At Basel I founded the Jewish state if  I  said this out loud today I would be greeted by universal laughter. in five years perhaps,and certainly in fifty years, everyone will perceive it''. Herzls greatest diplomatic triumphs were with Great Britian. after the progoms of suffering Russian Jews immediately. the British offered the possibility of a homeland in East Africa. although Herzls diplomatic ventures did not secure immediate results, the connections he established with the British helped bring about Balfour Decloration in November 1917. this is a quote ''To create a new state is neither ridiculous nor impossible .........the governments of all countries scourged by anti-Semitism will be keenly interested in obtaining sovereignty for us''
in the end Theodore Herzl died in July 3, 1904 [aged 44].